Features of morphology and biology of broad bean samples in the south of the central black earth region (Russia)

Abstract

Background and Objective: Studied morphobiological features of collection varieties of broad beans in the conditions of the South of the Central Black Earth Region (Russia): The duration of the growing season; level seed production and its components; biochemical composition of seeds; structure of microbial interactions in the rhizosphere; and relation to pathogens. Materials and Methods: In field experiments 2014-2016, the first reproduction seeds of 24 varieties, were cultivated according to the requirements of the zonal farming. It was revealed early-maturing, high-yielding varieties with large seeds, and high protein. Were determined the parameters of a promising variety of broad beans and were revealed indirect signs of high-protein and productivity when working with initial material. On average, the vegetation period of broad bean lasted 89 days. The duration of the periods before the seedling and after flowering was highly correlated with the duration of the vegetation period (r = +0.61 and r = +0.87, respectively). The seed weight per plant was significantly correlated with the number of bean per plant (r = +0.8) and the number of pods on the lateral stem (r = +0.68). Results: The averaged correlation was observed for the seed weight per plant and the number of producing lateral stem (r = +0.42), the number of productive nodes of the main stem (r = +0.54), the number of inflorescences per plant (r = +0.36), number of inflorescences of lateral stem (r = +0.39). The number of seeds per pod was negatively correlated with the number of pods per plant (r = −0.46). The pod size was negatively correlated with the number of bean per plant (r = −0.54). Protein content of the broad bean seeds is 18-33%. An indirect indicator of the high protein content of the seeds can be served as “the number of nodes on the main stem†with the inverse relationship (r = −0.4) and “the weight of 1000 seeds†with a positive relationship (r = +0.7). Conclusion: The study of the initial material of broad beans in the soil and climatic conditions of the Belgorod region made it possible to identify a group of early ripening, with the fastest formation of pods.