Antiurolithiatic activity of Phaseolus vulgaris seeds against ethylene glycol-induced renal calculi in Wistar rats

Abstract

Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the antiurolithiatic potential of the ethanolic extract of the seed of Phaseolus vulgaris (EPV). Materials and Methods: Calcium oxalate urolithiasis in male Wistar rats was induced by ethylene glycol (EG) (0.75% v/v) and ammonium chloride (1% w/v) administration in drinking water. Cystone (750 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as a standard drug, and EPV was administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. Both preventive and curative effects of EPV were evaluated. Urinary biochemical parameters such as calcium, oxalate, phosphate, uric acid and creatinine; deposition of calcium and oxalate in the kidney; and serum uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were assessed. Creatinine clearance was calculated. Oxalate associated oxidative stress in the kidney was assessed by estimating in vivo antioxidant parameters such as lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione. Histopathological studies of the kidney were carried out. Results: In the preventive and curative disease-control groups, urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, and their deposition in the kidney were significantly increased. Elevated levels of phosphate and uric acid in urine and uric acid, creatinine, and BUN in serum were observed in both the control groups. Creatinine clearance was reduced in the control groups. On treatment with cystone and EPV, all the urinary, serum biochemical, and oxidative stress parameters were reversed to almost normal values. Cystone and EPV significantly restored the in vivo antioxidant enzymes by decreasing the lipid peroxidation in the kidney. This study demonstrated the antiurolithiatic activity of the ethanolic extract of P. vulgaris seeds against EG-induced renal calculi in Wistar rats.