Plant microbiome and its functional mechanism in response to environmental stress

Abstract

Stresses are the prime factor for limiting agricultural productivity. Protracted stress conditions are accountable for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various cell compartments. ROS attacks biomolecules and interrupts the regular mechanism of the cell that eventually prompts to cell death. Crops requisite to acclimatize adverse external stress generated by ecological conditions with their native biological mechanisms defeated which their growths as well as productivity endure. Microbes, the supreme natural occupants of diverse environments, have developed intricate physiological and metabolic mechanism to manage with potentially toxic oxygen species that are generated by environmental stresses. Subsequently, the interaction of microbial population with plants is an essential for the ecosystem, and microbes are the natural partners that accommodate in plants to combat with antagonistic environment. Plant microbiome involves intricate mechanisms inside the plant cell. Molecular, physiological as well as biochemical studies support to understand the intricate and integrated cellular processes of plant–microbe interactions. During the incessant stress by increasing environmental variations, it is becoming more essential to characterize and decipher plant–microbe association in relation to defense against environmental challenges.