Mast cell stabilizing effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Jasminum sambac leaves against compound 48/80-induced degranulation

Abstract

Introduction: Asthma is chronic inflammatory disease characterized by swollen airways, obstruction in respiration, etc. On exposure to the allergens, histamine is released from mast cells, which after activating H1 receptor causes contraction of the airways. An herbal approach which can inhibit the degranulation of mast cell can serve as safer and effective treatment for the management of asthma. Objective: The present experiment is designed with objectives to determine the physiochemical properties of Jasminum sambac leaves, perform acute oral toxicity studies as per the OECD 420 guideline, and assess the mast cell stabilizing effect of hydroalcoholic (50:50) extract of the plant. Results: Physicochemical parameters revealed the standard quality of plant leaves. Phytochemical evaluation showed the presence of phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, and phenols. Hydroalcoholic (50:50) extract of J. sambac leaves showed no signs of toxicity at the dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. The lethal dose of the drug is above 2000 mg/kg body weight. The extract showed significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of mast cell degranulation when compared to negative control. The percentage of degranulated mast cells was calculated and found to be 51.33 ± 3.01* and 43.0 ± 2.09* (P < 0.05), at doses of 25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Jasminum sambac may serve as the choice of treatment in the management of asthma. The rich phytochemical profile of the plant leaves might be responsible for its mast cell stabilizing action. Isolation of bioactive molecule can be suggested for the further studies.