The use of morphobiological characteristics in the selection of Phacelia Tanacetifolia Benth

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the work is to create new adapted varieties resistant to the complex of biotic and abiotic factors on the basis of the use of Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. morphological and biological characteristics. Material and Method: For the first time in the conditions of Cretaceous South of the Central Russian Upland, morphological and biological features of wild P. tanacetifolia Benth. cenopopulations were studied. Morphological and biological features of P. tanacetifolia Benth. and the expansion of run wild forms were examined in route studies in various districts of Belgorod region (2002–2008). Selection analysis of the obtained material in 2009–2016 was carried out on the basis of the Botanical garden of NRU “BelSU.†Method of selection is individual family selection. The standard in the experiment was the released Ryazanskaya variety. Field experiments on competitive variety testing in 2014–2016 were laid by the method of split plots. It was repeated 6 times. The area of registration plots of the 1st order (a record harvest of green mass) was 50 m². The area of registration plots of the 2nd order (taking into account the crop for green mass and seeds) was 25 m². Observations, records, and statistical processing of the obtained data were carried out according to standard methods. Result and Discussion: It is found that quite a wide variation is observed between individuals, which may indicate the possibility of getting forms with the necessary characters by breeding methods. The original forms of different sprawling bush identified in Volokonovsky area have the green coloration of the stem and blue or a light blue corolla. Variety populations of Alekseyevsky, Chernyansky, and Krasnogvardeysky have semi-closed form of a bush, anthocyanin-colored stems, and light purple or lilac-colored corolla. A wide range of variation is classified for other parameters: Plant height (Cv = of 34.8–46.7%), diameter of the bush (Cv = of 43.2–54.5%) and diameter of the stem (Cv = of 67.1–78.4%), and length of inflorescences (Cv = of 46.7–55.2%) and 1.000 seed weight (Cv = of 25.4 mm to 37.4%). By the method of individual-family selection from local wild populations, the source material that became the basis for obtaining new varieties Milica and variety population IOF 21/12 is derived. The productivity of green mass of Milica variety is 26.0% higher than the standard, seed yield - 43.1%. The productivity of variety population OSP 21/12 is higher at 49.5 and 3.6%, respectively. Thanks to the complex of valuable morphobiological features. Conclusion: New varieties of phacelia can be used as a phytoameliorant and to create a forage base of beekeeping on highly eroded lands in the Steppe and Forest-Steppe zone. The new variety Militsa and variety population OSP 21/12 have high seed productivity and are suitable for commercial seed production