Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant activity of Uncaria gambir

Authors

  • Mohd Amir
  • Mohd Mujeeb
  • Ahsanullah Khan
  • Kamran Ashraf
  • Deepak Sharma
  • Mohammad Aqil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v6i1.241

Abstract

The present research work was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential and antiradical property of methanolic extract of Uncaria gambir. Antioxidant and radical scavenging activity were determined by using different in vitro assays including reducing power assay, superoxide anion scavenging activity assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity assay, nitric oxide scavenging activity assay, DPPH free radical scavenging assay and hydrogen peroxide method. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed that the extract of U. gambir possesses flavonoids, alkaloids and phenolic materials. In the present investigation, quantitative estimation of flavonoids content and phenolic content was also carried out by colorimetric methods, using aluminium chloride and Folin–Ciocalteu
reagent method, respectively, to establish relationship between antioxidant activity and total phenolics and flavonoid contents. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found to be 18.37±2.79 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight and 5.82±2.23 mg rutin equivalents (RE)/g dry weight, respectively. The extract showed significant antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner in all the assays. The IC50 values of all parameters were determined. Ascorbic acid was used as standard. The results obtained in the
present study indicated that U. gambir extract could be a potential source of natural antioxidant.
Key words: Antioxidant, ascorbic acid, DPPH, hydroxyl radical, Uncaria gambir

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Kiritikar KR, Basu BD. Indian Medicinal Plants. Allahabad: LM

Basu; 1988. p. 2639.

Sharma PC, Yelne MB, Dennis TJ. Database on medicinal plants

used in Ayurveda. Vol. 3, Delhi: Documentation and Publication

Division, Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddh;

p. 404.

Gupta MB, Palik TK, Sing N, Bhargava KP. Pharmacological studies

to isolate the active constituents from Cyperus rotundus possessing

anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic activities. Indian J

Med Res 1971;59:76-8.

Radha SS, Ramanujam S, Shanmuga Sundaram ER. An Antioxidant

inducer in asthma children. J Ethnopharmacol 1994;42:88-9.

Komai K, Ueki. Chemical properties and behaviour of polyphenolic

substances in purple nutsedge. Weed Res. Jpn. 1975;20:66-8.

Singh SB, Singh PN. A new flavanol glycoside from mature leaves

of Cyperus rotundus. J Indian Chem Soc 1986;63:450-5.

Singh PN, Singh SB. A new saponin from mature tubes of Cyperus

rotundus. Phytochemistry 1980;19:2056-7.

Jose LR. Dermagic/Express2.2000,97. Available frm: http://www.

dermagic.i8.com/year2000/cyperus.h ml. [Last accessed on

Ohira S, Hasegawa T, Hayasah, KI, Hoshino T, Takaoka D, Nozaki

H. Sesquiterpenoids from Cyperus rotundus. Phytochemistry

;47:577-9.

Sonwa MM, König WA. Chemical study of the essential oil of

Cyperus Rotundus. Phytochemistry 2001;58:799-801.

Hayani E. Analisis kadar katekin dari gambir dengan berbagai

metode. Bul. Tek. Pertanian 2003;8:31-2.

Heitzman ME, Neto CC, Winiarz E, Vaisberg AJ, Hammond GB.

Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Uncaria

(Rubiaceae). Phytochemistry 2005;66:5-29.

Chang P, Koh YK, Geh SL, Soepadmo E, Goh SH, Wong AK.

Cardiovascular effects in the rat of dihydrocorynantheine isolated

from Uncaria callophylla. J Ethnopharmacol 1989;25:213-5.

Perry LM. Medicinal plant of East and Southeast Asia. Cambridge:

MIT Press; 1980. p. 359.

Remington JP, Wood HC. The dispensatory of the United States of

America. Available from: http://www.henriettesherbal.com. [Last

accessed on 2009 Jan 23].

Taniguchi S, Kuroda K, Doi K, Inada K, Yoshikado N, Yoneda Y,

et al. Evaluation of gambir quality based on quantitative analysis

of polyphenolic constituents. Yakugaku Zasshi 2007;127:1291-300.

Phillipson JD, Hemingway SR, Ridsdale CE. Alkaloids of Uncaria.

Part V. Their occurrence and chemotaxonomy. Lloydia 1978;41:

-70.

Tuty A, Akihiro T, Tomoyuki Y, Tomio I. Antioxidative activity

and catechin content of four kinds of Uncaria gambir extracts from

West Sumatra, Indonesia. Afr J Biochem Res 2011;5:33-8.

Trease GE, Evans WC. Pharmacognosy. 12th ed. London, Baillieere

Tindal; 1983.

Harborne JB. Phytochemical methods: A guide to modern

techniques of plant analysis. 3rd ed. London: Academic Press; 1998.

p. 193-204.

Pourmorad F, Hosseinimehr SJ, Shahabimajd N. Antioxidant

activity, phenol and flavonoid contents of some selected Iranian

medicinal plants. Afr J Biotechnol 2006;5:1142-5.

Oyaizu M. Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from

glucose amine. Jap J Nutr 1986;44:307-15.

Liu F, Ooi VE, Chang ST. Free radical scavenging activities of

mushroom polysaccharide extracts. Life Sci 1997;60:763-71.

Yu W, Zhao Y, Shu B. The radical scavenging activities of radix

puerariae isoflavonoids: A chemiluminescence study. Food Chem

;86:525.

Garrat DC. The quantitative analysis of drugs. Japan: Chapman

and Hall; 1964. p. 456.

Hasan MS, Ahmed MI, Mondal S, Uddin SJ, Masud MM, Sadhu

SK, et al. Antioxidant, antinociceptive activity and general toxicity

study of Dendrophthoe falcata and isolation of quercitrin as the

major component. OPEM 2006;6:355-60.

Ruch RJ, Cheng SJ, Klaunig JE. Prevention of cytotoxicity and

inhibition of intercellular communication by antioxidant catechins

isolated from Chinese green tea. Carcinogenesis 1989;10:1003-8.

Patil SM, Kadam VJ, Ghosh R. In vitro antioxidant activity

of methanolic extract of stem bark of Gmelina arborea roxb.

(verbenaceae). IJPTR 2009;1:1480-4.

Kessler M, Ubeaud G, Jung L. Anti- and pro-oxidant activity

of rutin and quercetin derivatives. J Pharm Pharmacol 2003;55:

-42.

Cook NC, Samman S. Flavonoids-chemistry, metabolism,

cardioprotective effects, and dietary sources. Nutr Biochem

;7:66-76.

Meir S, Kanner J, Akiri B, Hadas SP. Determination and involvement

of aqueous reducing compounds in oxidative defense systems of

various senescing leaves. J Agric Food Chem 1995;43:1813-9.

Schimada VL, Fujikawa K, Yahara K, Nakamura TJ. Antioxidative

properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in

cyclodextrin emulsion. Agric Food Chem 1992;50:945-8.

Yen G, Duh PJ. Scavenging effect of methanolic extracts of peanut

hulls on free-radical and active-oxygen species. Agric Food Chem

;42:629-32.

Shirwaikar A, Prabhu KS, Punitha IS. In vitro antioxidant studies

of Sphaeranthus indicus (Linn). Indian J Exp Biol 2006;44:993-6.

Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free radicals in biology and medicine.

nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon; 1993. p. 419.

Miller AL. Antioxidant flavonoids: Structure, function and clinical

usage. Alt Med Rev 1997;2:103-11.

Polterait O. Antioxidant and free radical scavengers of natural

origin. Curr Org Chem 1997;1:415-40.

Downloads

Issue

Section

Articles