Evaluation of antinociceptive activity of Ajuga bracteosa wall ex benth
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v7i1.301Abstract
Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate the in vivo anti‑nociceptive activity of Neelkanthi (whole plant) and tosupport its traditional use. Materials and Methods: Methanolic extract of plant Ajuga bracteosa (ABE) was investigated for its
anti‑nociceptive activity in hot‑plate method, tail flick method and formalin induced hind paw licking test in mice. Three doses of the extract (ABE ‑ 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg, i.p.) were used in the study and codeine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as standard.
Results: ABE (500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (P < 0.05) increased the reaction time in both hot plate method and tail flick method. ABE also showed significant decrease in the paw licking response in formalin induced hind paw licking test in mice.
Conclusions: ABE at the dose of 500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg showed potent anti‑nociceptive activity on comparison with the standard drug and supported its traditional use as analgesic.
Key words: Anti‑nociceptive, codeine, formalin, tail‑flick
Downloads
References
Sosa S, Balicet MJ, Arvigo R, Esposito RG, Pizza C, Altinier GA.
Screening of the topical anti‑inflammatory activity of some central
American plants. J Ethanopharmacol 2002;8:211‑5.
Pilotto A, Franceschi M, Leandro G, Paris F, Niro V, Longo MG,
et al. The risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in elderly users
of aspirin and other non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs: The
role of gastroprotective drugs. Aging Clin Exp Res 2003;15:494‑9.
David J, Douglas J. Acute post‑operative pain. In: Healy TE,
Knight PR, editors. Wylie and Churchil – Davidson’s a practice
of Anaesthesia, 7th ed. London: Hodder Arnold 2003. p. 1213‑20.
Riaz N, Malik A, Aziz‑ur‑Rehman, Nawaz, SA, Muhammad P,
and Choudhary MI. Cholinesterase‑inhibiting withanolides from
Ajuga bracteosa. Chem Biodivers 2004;1:1289‑95.
Riaz N, Nawaz SA, Mukhtar N, Malik A, Afza N, Ali S, et al.
Isolation and enzyme‑inhibition studies of the chemical
constituents from Ajuga bracteosa. Chem Biodivers 2007;4:72‑83.
Choudhary MI, Nawaz SA, Haq ZU, Lodhi MA, Ghayur MN,
Jalil S, et al. Withanolides, a new class of natural cholinesterase
inhibitors with calcium antagonistic properties. Biochem Biophys
Res Commun 2005;334:276‑87.
Ghufran MA, Qureshi RA, Batool A, Kondratyuk TP, Guilford JM,
Marler LE, et al. Evaluation of selected indigenous medicinal plants
from the western Himalayas for cytotoxicity and as potential
cancer chemopreventive agents. Pharmaceutical Biol 2009;47:533‑8.
Chandel S, Bagai U. Antiplasmodial activity of Ajuga bracteosa
against Plasmodium berghei infected BALB/c mice. Indian J Med
Res 2010;131:440‑4.
Gautam R, Jachak SM, Saklani A. Anti‑inflammatory effect of Ajuga
bracteosa Wall. Ex Benth. mediated through cyclooxygenase (COX)
inhibition. J Ethnopharmacol 2011;133:928‑30.
Pal A, Panwar RS. A study on Ajuga bracteosa Wall, ex Benth for
analgesic activity. Int J Biol Med Res 2012;1:12‑4.
Kaithwas G, Gautum R, Jachak SM, Saklani A. Antiarthritic effects
of Ajuga bracteosa Wall ex Benth. in acute and chronic models of
arthritis in albino rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012;2:185‑8.
Patel DG, Gulati OD, Gokhale SD. Positive inotropic action of an
alkaloidal fraction from Ajuga bracteosa Well ex Benth. Indian J
Physiol Pharmcol 1962;6:224‑30.
Singh R, Patil SM, Pal G, Ahmad M. Evaluation of in vivo and
in vitro anti‑inflammatory activity of Ajuga bracteosa Wall ex Benth.
Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2012;S404‑7.
Mbagwu HO, Anene RA, Adeyemi OO. Analgesic, antipyretic
and antiinflammatory properties of Mezoneuron benthamianum
Baill (Caesalpiniaceae). Nig Q J Hosp Med 2007;17:35‑41.
Prempeh ABA, Mensah AJ. Analgesic activity of crude aqueous
extract of the root bark of Zanthoxylum Xanthoxyloides. Ghana Med
J 2008;42:79‑84.
Pradeep K, Krishna V, Venkatesh, Girish Kumar K, Santosh
Kumar SR, Joy H Hoskeri, et al. Antinoceceptive activity of Delonix
elata leaf extract. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012;S229‑31.
Okokon JE, Nwafor PA. Antiinflammatory, analgesic and
antipyretic activities of ethanolic root extract of Croton zambesicus.
Pak J Pharm Sci 2010;23:383‑90.
Nwafor PA, Jacks TW, Ekanem AU. Analgesic and anti‑inflammatory
effects of methanolic extract of Pausinystalia mecroceras stem bark
in rodents. J Pharmacol 2007;3:86‑90.
Dubuission D and Deniss SG. The formalin test: A quantitative
study of the analgesic effect of morphine meperidine and brain
stem stimulation in rats and cats. Pain 1977 4;161‑74.
Wong CH, Dey P, Yarmush J, Wu WH, Zbuzek VK.
Nifedipine‑induced analgesia after epidural injections in rats.
Anesth Analg 1994;79:303‑6.
Richardson JD, Aanonsen L, Hargreaves KM. Antihyperalgesic
effects of spinal cannabinoids. Eur J Pharmacol 1998;345:145‑53.
Chapman CR, Casey KL, Dubner R, Foley KM, Gracely RH,
Reading AE. Pain measurement: An overview. Pain 1985;22:1‑31.
Grumbach L, The production of analgesic activity in man by animal
testing. In: Knighton RS, Dumke PR, editors. Pain. Boston: Little
Brown and Co; 1966. p. 163‑82.
Dhawan BN, Cesselin F, Raghubir R, Reisine T, Bradley PB,
Portoghese PS, et al. International Union of Pharmacology.
XII. Classification of opioid receptors. Pharmacol Rev 1996;
:567‑92.
Lipman AG, Jackson RC. Opioids. In: Warfield C, Bajwa Z, editors.
Principles and Practice of Pain Medicine. New York: McGraw‑Hill;
p. 585‑8.
O’Brien CP. Drug addiction and drug abuse. In: Brunton LL,
Lazo JS, Parker KL, editors. Goodman and Gilman’s the
pharmacological basis of therapeutics. New York: McGraw‑Hill;
p. 617.
Whittle BA. The use of changes in capillary permeability in rats
to distinguish between narcotic and non‑narcotic analgesics. Br J
Pharmacol Chemother 1964;22:246‑53.
Chau TT. Analgesic testing in animal models, Pharmacological
methods in the control of inflammation. New York: Liss; 1989.
p. 195‑212.
Hunskaar S, Hole K. The formalin test in mice, dissociation
between inflammatory pain. Pain 1987;30:103‑14.
