Botulinum toxin and its clinical aspects

Abstract

Botulinum toxin (BTX), a potent neurotoxin which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, consists of eight distinct
neurotoxin serotypes referred to as (BTX type‑A [BTX‑A], B, C, D, E, F, G, H) all of which inhibit acetylcholine release at the
neuromuscular junction. BTX‑A, by blocking acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions, accounts for its therapeutic action
to relieve dystonia, spasticity, and related disorders. A wide variety of medical conditions such as bruxism, hyperhidrosis, achalasia,focal dystonia, upper motor neuron syndrome, blepharospasm, and chronic migraine are now treated with BTX. The cosmetological applications include correction of lines, creases, and wrinkling all over the face, chin, neck, and chest. Side effects are generally rare and minimal. Injections with BTX‑A are well‑tolerated. Discovery of further newer indications of this neurotoxin can enlighten the path of research in the field of neuroscience.

Key words: Botulinum toxin, cosmetic uses, neurotoxin