Anti-mycobacterial activity of root and leaf extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis (Loganiaceae) and Diospyros mespiliformis (Ebenaceae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v3i3.83Abstract
We screened the aqueous and methanol leaf and root extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis, Diospyros mespiliformis, and theircombinations for possible anti-mycobacterial activities using Mycobacterium smegmatis as a surrogate screen. These plants are reputed among folk practices as potent remedy in the management of tuberculosis and leprosy cases. In the sensitivity screening study, only the methanol extracts of A. djalonensis and D. mespiliformis showed anti-mycobacterial activity, while the aqueous extracts exhibited no inhibitory activity on M. smegmatis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the methanol leaf and root extract of A. djalonensis against M. smegmatis were 125 μg/ml. The MIC of the methanol leaf and root extracts of D. mespiliformis is 167 and 250 μg/ml, respectively. In the interaction studies, four out of nine decimal combinations of the two medicinal plant extracts exhibited
synergism with fractional inhibitory concentration indices <1 and a negative activity index values. The 8:2 ratio of D. mespiliformis and A. djalonensis exhibited the greatest degree of antimycobacterial synergy against M. smegmatis. The result of this study supports the claims of efficacy reported in the folk use of these plants in mycobacterial infection and the plants could therefore be investigated further and harnessed as potent antimycobacterial agents.
Key words: Anthocleista djalonensis, checkerboard assay, Diospyros mespiliformis, isoniazid, leprosy, Mycobacterium smegmatis,
tuberculosis
Downloads
References
Gutierrez Lugo MT, Bewley CA. Natural products, small
molecules, and genetics in tuberculosis drug development. J Med
Chem 2008;51:2606-12.
McGuire MS, Morales M, Franzblau SG. Ethnomedical leads in new
drug discovery of tuberculosis, Abstr Intersci Conf Antimicrob
Agents Chemother, GWL Hansen’s Disease Centre, Baton Rouge
LA,USA 1996;137:15-8.
Banfi E, Scialino G, Cateni F, Innocenti G. Plant extracts as new antituberculous
agents, evaluation by MRA; 16th European Congress
of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nice, France:
;1-4.
Raviglione MC, O'Brien RJ. Tuberculosis. In: Kasper DL,
Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL,
et al, eds.: Harrison's principles of internal medicine, 16th ed.,
McGraw-Hill Professional; p. 953–66. DOI:10.1036/0071402357.
ISBN 0071402357, 2004.
Griffith D, Kerr C. Tuberculosis: disease of the past, disease of the
present. J Perianesth Nurs 1996;11:240-5.
WHO. Global tuberculosis control: Surveillance, planning,
financing. WHO report 2007. Geneva: World Health Organization;
(WHO/HTM/TB/2007.376).
Okoli AS, Iroegbu CU. Evaluation of extracts of Anthocleista
djalonensis, Nauclea latifolia and Uvaria afzalii for activity
against bacterial isolates from cases of non-gonococcal urethritis.
J Ethnopharmacol 2004;92:135-44.
Macia MJ, Garcia E, Vidaurre PJ. An ethnobotanical survey of
medicinal plants commercialized in the markets of La paz and El
Alto, Bolivia. J Ethnopharm 2005;97:337-50.
Irvine FR. Woody plants of Ghana. London: Oxford University
Press; 1961.
AFTD (2008). Agroforestrytree databas. Available from: http://
www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/Products/AFDbases/AF/
asp/Speci esInfo. asp?SpID=691Sofowora.
A. Recent trends in research into African medicinal plant. J
Ethnopharm 1993;38:2-3.
Adeniyi BA, Odelola HA, Oso BA. Antimicrobial potentials
of Diospyros mespiliformis (Ebenaceae). Afr J Med Sci
;25:221–4.
Chaturvedi V, Dwivedi N, Tripathi RP, Sinha S. Evaluation
of Mycobacterium smegmatis as a possible surrogate screen
for selecting molecules active against multi-drug resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Gen Appl Microbiol 2007;53:333-7.
Ren H, Liu J. AsnB Is involved in natural resistance of
mycobacterium smegmatis to multiple drugs. Antimicrob Ag
Chemother 2006;50:250-5.
Trease CE, Evans WG. Pharmacognosy, 13th ed. London: Balliere
Tindall; 1989. p. 315-679.
Caccamese S, Azzolina R. Screening for antimicrobial activities in
marine algae from eastern Sicily. Planta Med 1979;37:333-9.
Rios JL, Recio MC, Villar A. Screening methods for natural
products with antimicrobial activity: A review of the literature. J
Ethnopharmacol 1988;23:127-49.
Esimone CO, Ebebe IM, Chah KF, Onyeka CG. Comparative
antibacterial effects of Psidium guajava aqueous extract. J Trop
Med Plants 2003;4:185-9.
Ofokansi KC, Esimone CO and Anele CR. Evaluation of the in vitro
combined antibacterial effect of the leaf extracts of Bryophyllum
pinnatum (Fam. Crassulaceae) and Ocimum gratissimum (Fam.
Labiatae). Plant Prod Res J 2005;9:23-7.
Nworu CS, Esimone CO. Comparative evaluation of three in
vitro techniques in the interaction of ampicillin and ciprofloxacin
against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Trop J Pharma
Res 2006;5:605-11.
