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https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/issue/feed 2023-10-13T06:32:36+00:00 M A Naidu editor@brnsspublicationhub.org Open Journal Systems https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3264 2023-10-11T10:41:18+00:00 Himanshu Rawat himanshu.r1919@gmail.com

<p>Child disability is a major concern for any nation. Childhood comorbidity is not only a challenge for parents<br>but also a big concern for pediatricians. The motor disorder of cerebral palsy (CP) is often accompanied by<br>disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition and has multifactorial etiology. Vata is dominant Dosha which<br>plays a major role in childhood disabilities, so the treatment plan should be Vata Shamana like Phakka Roga<br>Chikitsa, and Shiromarmabhighata can be used. The use of Rasayanas with Medhya drugs (intellect promoting)<br>characteristics will enhance the child’s mental and physical development. This will go a long way toward curing<br>and preventing impairments. To search and reassess the effects of different CP therapy techniques in Ayurveda.<br>Analysis of published clinical data in a systematic manner to determine the efficacy and safety of Vatavyadhi versus<br>Ayurvedic therapy protocols for CP. The study examined case reports, non-randomized controlled trials (RCTs),<br>and RCTs on the treatment of CP in Ayurveda. They were located using directories of open-access publications<br>as well as databases for Ayurvedic research and medical journals, including MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Web of<br>Science. Hand-searching was conducted with pre-established search criteria. Search results were only returned<br>for articles up to April 2021. The selection of studies was based on CP symptomatology. The study ID, design,<br>sample size, duration, interventions, results, and outcomes were used to document and retrieve the data. Using<br>the tools at hand, the quality and bias risk were assessed. We did not try quantitative synthesis because we were<br>only interested in systematic review. 20 of the 44 screened records met the predetermined criterion. Two research<br>on Nasya (medicine administered through the nose), 8 studies on Udavartana (application of dry powder to the<br>skin), 9 studies on Shasthi Shali Pinda SwedaSwedana (hot fomentation with rice cooked in milk) and 16 studies<br>concentrating on Basti (therapeutic enema) as the main management strategy is among the most frequently used<br>therapies. The outcomes were divided into Bhaya chikitsa (external procedures), Shamana (palliative medicines),<br>and Shodhana (purification medicines). Overall investigations reveal a significant improvement in the gradation<br>index-measured subjective characteristics. Better alleviation was seen when panchakarma therapy was paired<br>with oral medication. The study’s findings led to a significant improvement in spasticity and muscle power and<br>helped to maintain a better quality of life, which is widely appreciated.</p>

2023-06-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3266 2023-10-13T05:56:01+00:00 Snigdha Bhardwaj snigs.16@gmail.com

<p>In 1989, the Foundation for Innovation in Medicine (New York, US) created the term “nutraceutical” to name<br>the rapidly expanding area of biomedical research. Nutraceuticals are defined as food or dietary components that<br>offer medical or health benefits to the body, including disease prevention and treatment.</p>

2023-06-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3267 2023-10-13T05:59:39+00:00 Dr. Snigdha Bhardwaj snigs.16@gmail.com

<p>The scientific community faces a new challenge as a result of rising concerns about the consumption of<br>unhealthy transfats and saturated fats in the diet: Developing effective replacements for bad fats without<br>compromising the sensory characteristics of the food product. Oleogels are said to be a cutting-edge structured<br>fat system employed for industrial application due to their nutritional and ecological advantages among various<br>strategies aimed to reduce/replace transfats and saturated fats in foods. The oleogel’s mechanical strength,<br>constitution, and gelator type are all elements that could influence how much and how quickly the material<br>is being liquefied. These in turn have an impact on how lipid-soluble molecules are delivered by the oleogel.<br>The formulation considerations of oleogels will be the main focus of this review, along with their recent food<br>applications, particularly in the delivery of bioactives and as nutraceuticals. There will be a discussion about<br>an understanding of oleogelators.</p>

2023-06-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3268 2023-10-13T06:02:26+00:00 Akachukwu Marytheresa Onwuka akachukwu.onwuka@unn.edu.ng

<p>Terpenoids otherwise called isoprenoids are secondary metabolites with diverse biological and pharmacological<br>activities. They serve as candidate compounds for drug discovery. They are classified into mono-, sesqui-, di-,<br>tri-, tetra-, and polyterpenoids based on their isoprenoid structural units. They exhibit anticancer properties<br>through various mechanisms such as cell cycle arrest induction, angiogenesis suppression, decreased tumor cell<br>differentiation, and apoptosis. Most terpenoids used in cancer therapy are derived from medicinal plants. This<br>paper reviews important plant-derived terpenoids used in cancer treatment, their medicinal plant sources, and their<br>mechanism of action.</p>

2023-06-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3269 2023-10-13T06:05:35+00:00 Dr. Ravi Kant Upadhyay rkupadhya@yahoo.com

<p>Present review article describes phytochemicals, disease prevention, and biological effects of Tinospora cordifolia<br>commonly known as Giloy or Giloe” or “Guduchi.” This plant is indigenous to tropical regions of the Indian<br>subcontinent and widely used in Ayurvedic medicines since time immemorial. This article emphasized important<br>biological activities such as anti-toxic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, Antimicrobial,<br>anti-stress, hypolipidaemic, hepatic disorder, anti-cancer, anti-HIV, anti-complementary, antitoxic effects, wound<br>healing, anti-complementary, and immune stimulatory and immunomodulating activities. Plant is widely used by<br>local people for treatment of fever, cough, cold, allergic rhinitis, and diabetes. Regular used of Giloy leaf juice cut<br>down sugar, it induces generation of insulin that regulates blood sugar levels. Giloy juice is highly beneficial in liver<br>disease, urinary tract infections, ulcer, kidney problems, and heart-related issues. Giloy juice acts as an appetizer,<br>digestive, and help to remove cough and as immunity booster. It is also used to detoxify skin, improves digestion,<br>and reduces digestion-related problems like diarrhea, colitis, vomiting, and hyperacidity. Giloy is unique plant and<br>depository of hundreds of diverse bioactive constituents. These are used to prepare diverse rasayana’ for therapeutic<br>purposes mainly for saving the life of people. Due to life saving natural attributes, this plant is known as Amrita<br>“that provides immortality” to people and immunity booster. Giloy plant hot concoction and extracts were proved<br>boon for people as it has saved millions of lives during corona virus epidemics. Plant is used for the various human<br>diseases and ailments related to liver, gastric, respiratory, urinary tract infections, ulcer, kidney and heart and skin.</p>

2023-06-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3270 2023-10-13T06:07:57+00:00 Kalpana Patni kalpana.patni@bhu.ac.in

<p>Cognitive dysfunction and neurological disorders are major concerns in pediatrics. Ayurveda has a deep acumen<br>for the prophylactic and curative management of neurological disorders in the developing brain. This study is<br>done to review the neuroprotective and nootropic activity of an Ayurvedic drug Ashtamangal Ghrita (AMG).<br>Various experimental and clinical studies on AMG and its contents demonstrate their efficacy against several<br>Central Nervous System (CNS) ailments such as cerebral palsy, seizure disorders, autism, and attention deficit<br>hyperactivity disorder by their neuroprotective, nerve regenerative, nootropic, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, and<br>adaptogenic properties. The drug AMG is in the Ghrita form, thereby advantage of its lipid solubility, is it can<br>pass through the Blood-brain barrier thus corroborating it as an excellent drug for CNS. Toxicological studies also<br>substantiate the safety of the drug for therapeutic usage. The constituents of AMG also own CNS protective and<br>nootropic properties, thereby helping in improving intellect and memory in children. Hence, AMG can prove to<br>be a promising neuroprotective and intellect-promoting drug for cognitive dysfunction and various neurological<br>disorders in children. The present review aims to analytically evaluate and systematically summarize experimental<br>and clinical trial outcomes and the safety profile of AMG.</p>

2023-06-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3271 2023-10-13T06:10:25+00:00 MA Naidu ma.naidu@meu.edu.in

<p>Objective: To evaluate Thysanolaena maxima with physico-chemical parameters and phytochemical analysis<br>and to investigate the in vitro bioactivities of different plant extracts obtained from Sikkim, India. Methods: The<br>ash value, extractive value, loss on drying (LOD), fluorescence analysis, powder microscopy, and phytochemical<br>screening were conducted using the specific standard procedures. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using<br>the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and the reducing power assay.<br>Accordingly, antibacterial activity was investigated using the disk diffusion method. Results: Physico-chemical<br>properties play a major role in determining drugs quality and purity. The ash value (total ash, acid insoluble and<br>water soluble), extractive value, and LOD were found to be (6.4, 2.5, and 2.15%), (petroleum ether (1.26%),<br>dichloromethane (1.68%), dichloromethane: methanol (1:1) (2.21%), chloroform water (3.84%), and 9.1%,<br>respectively. In Fluorescence analysis, distinct colors were observed in the far and near ultra-violet ranges. The<br>presence of fibers, stone cells, and graphite belonging to types A and C that is, random flake graphite and Kish<br>graphite with hyper–eutectic composition, was observed in Powder microscopy. Phytochemical screening reveled<br>the presence of Flavonoids, Alkaloida, steroids, phenol, and saponins. The dichloromethane: methanol (1:1)<br>extract showed the highest reducing power as well as DPPH scavenging activity (74.966 ± 1.705) compared to<br>other extracts. Almost all extracts showed mild anti-bacterial activity, with zones of inhibition ranging from 0.75<br>to 1.62, respectively. Conclusion: Systematic investigation of T. maxima preliminary showed a potent source of<br>bioactive compounds that can be utilized as a lead for new drug discovery</p>

2023-06-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3272 2023-10-13T06:12:34+00:00 Dr. Saroj Kothari saroj.kothari@rediffmail.com

<p>Objectives: To study the effects of methanolic extract of Triticum aestivum (META) supplementation on normal<br>memory function and scopolamine-induced impaired memory in mice. Methods: The gum acacia suspension<br>of META was administered by gavage at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg orally once daily in mice for 30 days<br>to evaluate memory-enhancing potential on normal and scopolamine-induced impaired memory in albino mice.<br>Escape latency (EL) in the Morris water maze (MWM) and transfer latency (TL) in the elevated plus maze<br>(EPM) were recorded respectively. Mice were given four trial sessions per day to locate the platform for 6 days<br>in the MWM model. Scopolamine 1 mg/kg was injected i.p. on the 30th day to produce memory impairment in<br>mice. Results: META suspension at the dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg showed a significant (P &lt; 0.05) dosedependent<br>reduction of mean EL and TL as compared to the control group in normal mice. META suspension at<br>the dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg with scopolamine 1 mg/kg showed significant (P &lt; 0.05) dose dependent<br>reduction of EL and TL as compared to negative control group in impaired memory mice. Mean EL and TL<br>reduction at the dose of 400 mg/kg was comparable (P &gt; 0.05) to that of the standard nootropic agent Piracetam<br>at the dose of 200 mg/kg in normal and scopolamine-treated mice. META at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg<br>showed a better memory-enhancing effect in normal mice than in impaired memory mice using MWM and EPM<br>models. Conclusion: The study revealed that the chronic administration of META exhibited significant learning<br>and memory-enhancing activity in the normal as well as the scopolamine-treated impaired memory mice.</p>

2023-06-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3273 2023-10-13T06:15:35+00:00 K. K. Dharmappa dharmappa@gmail.com

<p>Ixora coccinea fruits found in Western Ghats are widely used in Indian folk medicine for treating a wide variety of<br>diseases such as dysentery, ulcers, gonorrhea, and inflammatory diseases. This study assessed the antioxidant and antiinflammatory<br>function of I. coccinea to validate the folklore usage for disease treatment. The fruit’s phytoconstituents<br>have been determined by the phytochemical screening, which contains phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids,<br>saponins, and alkaloids.</p>

2023-06-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3274 2023-10-13T06:19:19+00:00 Dr. Chinky Goyal chinkygoyal52@gmail.com

<p>Introduction: Baalchaturbhadra churna is a customary utilized formulation in children described by Acharya<br>Chakradatta in Jwaratisara having four ingredients, namely, Ghana (Cyperusrotundus), Krishna (Piper longum),<br>Aruna (Aconitum heterophyllum), and Shringi (Pistaciaintegerrima). It is very difficult to administer bitter drugs<br>to children; hence, Baalchaturbhadra Sharkara was formulated. Material and Methods: After authentication<br>of raw material using different analytical parameters including thin layer chromatography (TLC), four samples<br>of Balachaturbhadrika Sharkara with divergent sweetening mediums, namely, Sugar (BCS1), Jaggery (BCS2),<br>Honey (BCS3), and Stevia (BCS4) were prepared and analyzed on various physicochemical and phytochemical<br>parameters as well as nutritional value.</p>

2023-06-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3275 2023-10-13T06:23:01+00:00 M. Rajeswari Prabha prabha11.bio@gmail.com

<p>Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant activities of novel peptides isolated from Azadirachta<br>indica and Selaginella bryopteris. Material and Methods: The novel peptides were isolated from the young<br>leaves of A. indica and the fronds of S. bryopteris using inexpensive paper chromatography technique. The<br>isolated peptides were studied for in vitro antioxidant activities. Results and Discussion: In vitro antioxidant<br>studies showed that both the peptides are free radical scavengers and the radical scavenging activity increases<br>with increase in concentration of the peptides. Conclusion: The peptide isolated from the fronds of S. bryopteris<br>showed more free radical scavenging activity when compared with the peptide isolated from the young leaves of<br>A. indica.</p>

2023-06-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3276 2023-10-13T06:25:47+00:00 G.Shanthini Nachiar shanthini31011980@gmail.com

<p>Aims: The aims of this study were to compare the in vitro antidiabetic activity with ethyl acetate and aqueous<br>extract containing seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum. Materials and Methods: The seeds are dried, powdered,<br>and extracted with the solvents among this ethyl acetate and aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds which were<br>chosen. Phytochemical screening shows the presence of flavonoids, phenol, glycosides, and steroids.</p>

2023-06-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3277 2023-10-13T06:28:27+00:00 Sudjarwo Naidu sudjarwo@ff.unair.ac.id

<p>Aim: Method validation is a step to ensure that the method used is in accordance with the desired goals. The Category<br>I validation method determines the content of the main ingredient in the drug substance. Galactomannan is a watersoluble<br>polysaccharide composed of D-galactose and D-mannose and is the main component in guar gum. Materials<br>and Methods: To determine galactomannan content, concentrated phenol-sulfuric acid was used using the UV-Vis<br>Spectrophotometry method. Hydrolysis of guar gum is required to react with phenolic reagents to form colored<br>compounds. Results and Discussion: Optimization of the formation of colored derivative compounds was carried<br>out by hydrolysis of guar gum with the addition of 1.0 mL of sulfuric acid, 30 min time, 100°C temperature, and color<br>stability at 180 min. Method validation was successfully carried out by testing several parameters, including selectivity<br>with the selected wavelength 492 nm. Linear regression equation y = 0.0255 × + 0.0420 (r: 0.9998) and Vxo = 0.76%.<br>The precision expressed in the Coefficient of Variation (C.V) is 1.06%. Accuracy was obtained 100.35 ± 0.56 (%; w/w).<br>Conclusion: In determining the galactomannan content in guar gum powder, it was 70.00 ± 0.24 (%; w/w).</p>

2023-06-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP)