International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP)

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International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp en-US editor@brnsspublicationhub.org (M A Naidu) hodmca@mandsauruniversity.edu.in (Nilesh Jain) Fri, 13 Oct 2023 06:32:36 +0000 OJS 3.3.0.15 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Evidence-based study of the effect of Ayurveda management of cerebral palsy in children: A systematic review https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3264 Child disability is a major concern for any nation. Childhood comorbidity is not only a challenge for parents but also a big concern for pediatricians. The motor disorder of cerebral palsy (CP) is often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition and has multifactorial etiology. Vata is dominant Dosha which plays a major role in childhood disabilities, so the treatment plan should be Vata Shamana like Phakka Roga Chikitsa, and Shiromarmabhighata can be used. The use of Rasayanas with Medhya drugs (intellect promoting) characteristics will enhance the child’s mental and physical development. This will go a long way toward curing and preventing impairments. To search and reassess the effects of different CP therapy techniques in Ayurveda. Analysis of published clinical data in a systematic manner to determine the efficacy and safety of Vatavyadhi versus Ayurvedic therapy protocols for CP. The study examined case reports, non-randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and RCTs on the treatment of CP in Ayurveda. They were located using directories of open-access publications as well as databases for Ayurvedic research and medical journals, including MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Hand-searching was conducted with pre-established search criteria. Search results were only returned for articles up to April 2021. The selection of studies was based on CP symptomatology. The study ID, design, sample size, duration, interventions, results, and outcomes were used to document and retrieve the data. Using the tools at hand, the quality and bias risk were assessed. We did not try quantitative synthesis because we were only interested in systematic review. 20 of the 44 screened records met the predetermined criterion. Two research on Nasya (medicine administered through the nose), 8 studies on Udavartana (application of dry powder to the skin), 9 studies on Shasthi Shali Pinda SwedaSwedana (hot fomentation with rice cooked in milk) and 16 studies concentrating on Basti (therapeutic enema) as the main management strategy is among the most frequently used therapies. The outcomes were divided into Bhaya chikitsa (external procedures), Shamana (palliative medicines), and Shodhana (purification medicines). Overall investigations reveal a significant improvement in the gradation index-measured subjective characteristics. Better alleviation was seen when panchakarma therapy was paired with oral medication. The study’s findings led to a significant improvement in spasticity and muscle power and helped to maintain a better quality of life, which is widely appreciated. Himanshu Rawat Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3264 Thu, 15 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Current trends and regulatory aspects of nutraceutical: A comprehensive review https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3266 In 1989, the Foundation for Innovation in Medicine (New York, US) created the term “nutraceutical” to name the rapidly expanding area of biomedical research. Nutraceuticals are defined as food or dietary components that offer medical or health benefits to the body, including disease prevention and treatment. Snigdha Bhardwaj Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3266 Thu, 15 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000 A comprehensive review on oleogels, formulation consideration and potential applications in bioactive delivery https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3267 The scientific community faces a new challenge as a result of rising concerns about the consumption of unhealthy transfats and saturated fats in the diet: Developing effective replacements for bad fats without compromising the sensory characteristics of the food product. Oleogels are said to be a cutting-edge structured fat system employed for industrial application due to their nutritional and ecological advantages among various strategies aimed to reduce/replace transfats and saturated fats in foods. The oleogel’s mechanical strength, constitution, and gelator type are all elements that could influence how much and how quickly the material is being liquefied. These in turn have an impact on how lipid-soluble molecules are delivered by the oleogel. The formulation considerations of oleogels will be the main focus of this review, along with their recent food applications, particularly in the delivery of bioactives and as nutraceuticals. There will be a discussion about an understanding of oleogelators. Dr. Snigdha Bhardwaj Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3267 Thu, 15 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Terpenoids and the mechanism of their anticancer effects https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3268 Terpenoids otherwise called isoprenoids are secondary metabolites with diverse biological and pharmacological activities. They serve as candidate compounds for drug discovery. They are classified into mono-, sesqui-, di-, tri-, tetra-, and polyterpenoids based on their isoprenoid structural units. They exhibit anticancer properties through various mechanisms such as cell cycle arrest induction, angiogenesis suppression, decreased tumor cell differentiation, and apoptosis. Most terpenoids used in cancer therapy are derived from medicinal plants. This paper reviews important plant-derived terpenoids used in cancer treatment, their medicinal plant sources, and their mechanism of action. Akachukwu Marytheresa Onwuka Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3268 Thu, 15 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Giloy (Amrita) Tinospora cordifolia: Its phytochemical, therapeutic, and disease prevention potential https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3269 Present review article describes phytochemicals, disease prevention, and biological effects of Tinospora cordifolia commonly known as Giloy or Giloe” or “Guduchi.” This plant is indigenous to tropical regions of the Indian subcontinent and widely used in Ayurvedic medicines since time immemorial. This article emphasized important biological activities such as anti-toxic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, Antimicrobial, anti-stress, hypolipidaemic, hepatic disorder, anti-cancer, anti-HIV, anti-complementary, antitoxic effects, wound healing, anti-complementary, and immune stimulatory and immunomodulating activities. Plant is widely used by local people for treatment of fever, cough, cold, allergic rhinitis, and diabetes. Regular used of Giloy leaf juice cut down sugar, it induces generation of insulin that regulates blood sugar levels. Giloy juice is highly beneficial in liver disease, urinary tract infections, ulcer, kidney problems, and heart-related issues. Giloy juice acts as an appetizer, digestive, and help to remove cough and as immunity booster. It is also used to detoxify skin, improves digestion, and reduces digestion-related problems like diarrhea, colitis, vomiting, and hyperacidity. Giloy is unique plant and depository of hundreds of diverse bioactive constituents. These are used to prepare diverse rasayana’ for therapeutic purposes mainly for saving the life of people. Due to life saving natural attributes, this plant is known as Amrita “that provides immortality” to people and immunity booster. Giloy plant hot concoction and extracts were proved boon for people as it has saved millions of lives during corona virus epidemics. Plant is used for the various human diseases and ailments related to liver, gastric, respiratory, urinary tract infections, ulcer, kidney and heart and skin. Dr. Ravi Kant Upadhyay Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3269 Thu, 15 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Pharmacological and therapeutic review of ashtamangal ghrita – An amazing ayurvedic formulation for CNS https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3270 Cognitive dysfunction and neurological disorders are major concerns in pediatrics. Ayurveda has a deep acumen for the prophylactic and curative management of neurological disorders in the developing brain. This study is done to review the neuroprotective and nootropic activity of an Ayurvedic drug Ashtamangal Ghrita (AMG). Various experimental and clinical studies on AMG and its contents demonstrate their efficacy against several Central Nervous System (CNS) ailments such as cerebral palsy, seizure disorders, autism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by their neuroprotective, nerve regenerative, nootropic, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, and adaptogenic properties. The drug AMG is in the Ghrita form, thereby advantage of its lipid solubility, is it can pass through the Blood-brain barrier thus corroborating it as an excellent drug for CNS. Toxicological studies also substantiate the safety of the drug for therapeutic usage. The constituents of AMG also own CNS protective and nootropic properties, thereby helping in improving intellect and memory in children. Hence, AMG can prove to be a promising neuroprotective and intellect-promoting drug for cognitive dysfunction and various neurological disorders in children. The present review aims to analytically evaluate and systematically summarize experimental and clinical trial outcomes and the safety profile of AMG. Kalpana Patni Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3270 Thu, 15 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Decoding the therapeutic efficacy of underresearched plant from Asian sub-continent Thysanolaena maxima (roots) by pharmacognostical, phytochemical and pharmacological investigation https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3271 Objective: To evaluate Thysanolaena maxima with physico-chemical parameters and phytochemical analysis and to investigate the in vitro bioactivities of different plant extracts obtained from Sikkim, India. Methods: The ash value, extractive value, loss on drying (LOD), fluorescence analysis, powder microscopy, and phytochemical screening were conducted using the specific standard procedures. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and the reducing power assay. Accordingly, antibacterial activity was investigated using the disk diffusion method. Results: Physico-chemical properties play a major role in determining drugs quality and purity. The ash value (total ash, acid insoluble and water soluble), extractive value, and LOD were found to be (6.4, 2.5, and 2.15%), (petroleum ether (1.26%), dichloromethane (1.68%), dichloromethane: methanol (1:1) (2.21%), chloroform water (3.84%), and 9.1%, respectively. In Fluorescence analysis, distinct colors were observed in the far and near ultra-violet ranges. The presence of fibers, stone cells, and graphite belonging to types A and C that is, random flake graphite and Kish graphite with hyper–eutectic composition, was observed in Powder microscopy. Phytochemical screening reveled the presence of Flavonoids, Alkaloida, steroids, phenol, and saponins. The dichloromethane: methanol (1:1) extract showed the highest reducing power as well as DPPH scavenging activity (74.966 ± 1.705) compared to other extracts. Almost all extracts showed mild anti-bacterial activity, with zones of inhibition ranging from 0.75 to 1.62, respectively. Conclusion: Systematic investigation of T. maxima preliminary showed a potent source of bioactive compounds that can be utilized as a lead for new drug discovery MA Naidu Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3271 Thu, 15 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Effect of methanolic extract of Triticum aestivum (Wheat grass) on learning and memory in mice https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3272 Objectives: To study the effects of methanolic extract of Triticum aestivum (META) supplementation on normal memory function and scopolamine-induced impaired memory in mice. Methods: The gum acacia suspension of META was administered by gavage at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg orally once daily in mice for 30 days to evaluate memory-enhancing potential on normal and scopolamine-induced impaired memory in albino mice. Escape latency (EL) in the Morris water maze (MWM) and transfer latency (TL) in the elevated plus maze (EPM) were recorded respectively. Mice were given four trial sessions per day to locate the platform for 6 days in the MWM model. Scopolamine 1 mg/kg was injected i.p. on the 30th day to produce memory impairment in mice. Results: META suspension at the dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg showed a significant (P < 0.05) dosedependent reduction of mean EL and TL as compared to the control group in normal mice. META suspension at the dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg with scopolamine 1 mg/kg showed significant (P < 0.05) dose dependent reduction of EL and TL as compared to negative control group in impaired memory mice. Mean EL and TL reduction at the dose of 400 mg/kg was comparable (P > 0.05) to that of the standard nootropic agent Piracetam at the dose of 200 mg/kg in normal and scopolamine-treated mice. META at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg showed a better memory-enhancing effect in normal mice than in impaired memory mice using MWM and EPM models. Conclusion: The study revealed that the chronic administration of META exhibited significant learning and memory-enhancing activity in the normal as well as the scopolamine-treated impaired memory mice. Dr. Saroj Kothari Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3272 Thu, 15 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Ixora coccinea fruit inhibit the secretory phospholipase A2-IIA activity and exhibit antioxidant efficacy: An attempt of assessing anti-inflammatory function https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3273 Ixora coccinea fruits found in Western Ghats are widely used in Indian folk medicine for treating a wide variety of diseases such as dysentery, ulcers, gonorrhea, and inflammatory diseases. This study assessed the antioxidant and antiinflammatory function of I. coccinea to validate the folklore usage for disease treatment. The fruit’s phytoconstituents have been determined by the phytochemical screening, which contains phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, and alkaloids. K. K. Dharmappa Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3273 Thu, 15 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Physicochemical optimization and nutritional assessment of Balachaturbhadrika Sharkara prepared using different sweetening agents https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3274 Introduction: Baalchaturbhadra churna is a customary utilized formulation in children described by Acharya Chakradatta in Jwaratisara having four ingredients, namely, Ghana (Cyperusrotundus), Krishna (Piper longum), Aruna (Aconitum heterophyllum), and Shringi (Pistaciaintegerrima). It is very difficult to administer bitter drugs to children; hence, Baalchaturbhadra Sharkara was formulated. Material and Methods: After authentication of raw material using different analytical parameters including thin layer chromatography (TLC), four samples of Balachaturbhadrika Sharkara with divergent sweetening mediums, namely, Sugar (BCS1), Jaggery (BCS2), Honey (BCS3), and Stevia (BCS4) were prepared and analyzed on various physicochemical and phytochemical parameters as well as nutritional value. Dr. Chinky Goyal Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3274 Thu, 15 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Comparison of antioxidant activities of novel peptides isolated from Azadirachta indica and Selaginella bryopteris https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3275 Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant activities of novel peptides isolated from Azadirachta indica and Selaginella bryopteris. Material and Methods: The novel peptides were isolated from the young leaves of A. indica and the fronds of S. bryopteris using inexpensive paper chromatography technique. The isolated peptides were studied for in vitro antioxidant activities. Results and Discussion: In vitro antioxidant studies showed that both the peptides are free radical scavengers and the radical scavenging activity increases with increase in concentration of the peptides. Conclusion: The peptide isolated from the fronds of S. bryopteris showed more free radical scavenging activity when compared with the peptide isolated from the young leaves of A. indica. M. Rajeswari Prabha Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3275 Thu, 15 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Comparative study of in vitro antidiabetic activity with ethyl acetate, aqueous extracts containing seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3276 Aims: The aims of this study were to compare the in vitro antidiabetic activity with ethyl acetate and aqueous extract containing seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum. Materials and Methods: The seeds are dried, powdered, and extracted with the solvents among this ethyl acetate and aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds which were chosen. Phytochemical screening shows the presence of flavonoids, phenol, glycosides, and steroids. G.Shanthini Nachiar Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3276 Thu, 15 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Optimization and validation of UV-VIS spectrophotometry methods on the standardization of galactomannan levels inguar gum (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3277 Aim: Method validation is a step to ensure that the method used is in accordance with the desired goals. The Category I validation method determines the content of the main ingredient in the drug substance. Galactomannan is a watersoluble polysaccharide composed of D-galactose and D-mannose and is the main component in guar gum. Materials and Methods: To determine galactomannan content, concentrated phenol-sulfuric acid was used using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method. Hydrolysis of guar gum is required to react with phenolic reagents to form colored compounds. Results and Discussion: Optimization of the formation of colored derivative compounds was carried out by hydrolysis of guar gum with the addition of 1.0 mL of sulfuric acid, 30 min time, 100°C temperature, and color stability at 180 min. Method validation was successfully carried out by testing several parameters, including selectivity with the selected wavelength 492 nm. Linear regression equation y = 0.0255 × + 0.0420 (r: 0.9998) and Vxo = 0.76%. The precision expressed in the Coefficient of Variation (C.V) is 1.06%. Accuracy was obtained 100.35 ± 0.56 (%; w/w). Conclusion: In determining the galactomannan content in guar gum powder, it was 70.00 ± 0.24 (%; w/w). Sudjarwo Naidu Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP) https://brncop.org/index.php/ijgp/article/view/3277 Thu, 15 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000