Effect of the leaves of Psidium guajava Linn. on experimentally induced colitis in animal models
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v5i1.175Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Psidium guajava (PGE) on experimentally induced colitis in animal models. Fresh tender leaves of the plant were collected, air-dried, powdered and percolated in 95% ethanol. Acute toxicity test was done according to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines. Five groups of animals of the species Rattus norvegicus, of either sex, weighing 150–200 g, were taken for the study (n=6). Group A and Group B consisted of normal and experimental control animals (3% gum acacia, 10 ml/kg body weight), respectively. Group C and Group D were test groups (PGE 250 mg/kg body weight and PGE 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively) and Group E was administered standard [5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) 100 mg/kg body weight]. All animals were pretreated with the respective drugs for 5 days. Colitis was induced next morning in Groups B, C, D and E by administration of 1 ml of 4% acetic acid transrectally. All the animals were sacrificed 48 hours after colitis induction and distal 10 cm of the colon was resected. Colon was weighed for Disease Activity Index (DAI), and scored macroscopically and microscopically. Biochemical assessment included myeloperoxidase (MPO), tissue catalase(CAT), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) estimation. Statistical analysis was done by one way analysis of variance, followed by multiple comparison tests. Groups C, D, and E showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in DAI, and macroscopic and microscopic lesion score, as well as a significant improvement (P<0.05) in MPO, CAT, GSH and SOD levels as compared to Group B. The ethanolic extract of P. guajava leaves showed significant amelioration of experimentally induced colitis, which may be attributed to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant property.
Key words: Acetic acid, antioxidant, colitis, Psidium guajava
Downloads
References
Chen L, Crawford JM. The Gastrointestinal Tract, Small and Large
intestine, Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease. In: Kumar,
Abbas, Fausto, editors. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of
Disease. 7th ed. London: Elsevier; 2005. p. 846-51.
Fiocchi C. Inflammatory bowel disease: Etiology and pathogenesis.
Gastroenterology 1998;115:182-205.
Papadakis KA, Targan SR. Current theories on the cause of
inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am
;28:283-96.
Nosal’ova V, Cerna S, Bauer V. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on colitis
induced by acetic acid in rats. Gen Pharmacol 2000;35:77-81.
Burkil HM.The useful plants of west Tropical Africa. Kew: Royal
Botanical Gardens;1994. p. 21-150.
El-Mahmood MA. The use of Psidium guajava Linn. in treating
wound, skin and soft tissue infections. Sci Res Essays 2009;4:605-11.
Begum S, Hassan SI, Ali SN, Siddiqui BS. Chemical constituents
from the leaves of Psidium guajava. Nat Prod Res 2004;18:135-40.
Ko JK, Lam FY, Cheung AP. Amelioration of experimental
colitis by Astragalus membranaceus through anti-oxidation and
inhibition of adhesion molecule synthesis. World J Gastroenterol
;11:5787-94.
Murat Z, Mustafa K, Erhan A, Ozgur F, Murat A, Gökhan İ, et al. The
comparative effects of calcium channel blockers in an experimental
colitis model in rats. Turk J Gastroenterol 2004;15:243-9.
Clark WE. Extracta Liquida Pharmaceutical Formulations. In: Le
G, editors. The Chemist and Druggist Book. 11th ed. London: Essex
Street Strand; 1950. p. 183.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD). OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals. France:
OECD Publishing; Section 4, Health Effects: Test No. 425: Acute
Oral Toxicity: Up-and-Down Procedure. 2006. p.1-27. [last adopted
on 2006 Mar 23]. Available from: http://www.oecdbookshop.org/
oecd/index.asp?lang=en [last cited on 2008 Sep 27].
Morris GP, Beck PL, Herrigge MS, Depew WT, Szewcdzuk MR,
Wallace JL. Hapten induced model of chronic inflammation and
ulceration in the rat colon. Gastroenterology 1989;96:795-803.
Wallace JL, Keenan CM. An orally active inhibitor of leukotriene
synthesis accelerates healing in a rat model of colitis. Am J Physiol
;258:G527-34.
Krawisz JE, Sharon P, Stenson WF. Qualitative assay for acute
intestinal inflammation based on myeloperoxidase activity.
Gastroenterology 1984;87:1344-50.
Beers RF Jr, Sizer IW. A spectrophotometric method for measuring
the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase. J Biol Chem
;195:133-40.
Beutler E. Red cell metabolism. 2nd ed. New York: Grune and
Stratton Company; 1975.
Fridovich I. Superoxide redical: An endogenous toxicant. Annu
Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1983;23:239-57.
Nakhai LA, Mohammadirad A, Yasa N, Minaie B, Nikfar
S, Ghazanfari G, et al. Benefits of Zataria multiflora Boiss in
experimental model of mouse inflammatory bowel disease. Evid
Based Complement Alternat Med 2007;4:43-50.
Sharon P, Stenson WF. Metabolism of arachidonic acid in acetic
acid colitis in rats. Gastroenterology 1985;88:55-63.
MacPherson B, Pfeiffer CJ. Experimental colitis. Digestion
;14:424-52.
Ritland SR, Leighton JA, Hirsch RE, Morrow JD, Weaver AL,
Gendler SJ. Evaluation of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) for cancer
chemoprevention: Lack of efficacy against nascent adenomatous
polyps in the apcmin mouse. Clin Cancer Res 1999;5:855-63.
Travis SP. Which 5-ASA? Gut 2002;51:548-49.
Miles AM, Grisham MB. Antioxidant properties of aminosalicylates.
Methods Enzymol 1994;234:555-72.
Morton JF. Guava - Fruits of warm climates. In: Morton JS, editor.
Miami: Florida Flair Books; 1987. p. 356-63.
Scalbert A. Antimicrobial properties of tannins. Phytochemistry
;30:3875-83.
Kim HP, Son KH, Chang HW, Kang SS. Anti-inflammatory plant
flavonoids and cellular action mechanisms. J Pharmacol Sci
;96:229-45.
Koganov MM, Dueva OV, Tsorin BL. Activities of plant-derived
phenols in a fibroblast cell culture model. J Nat Prod 1999;
:481-3.
Grisham MB, Granger DN. Neutrophil-mediated mucosal injury:
Role of reactive oxygen metabolites. Dig Dis Sci 1988;33:6S-15S.
Koutroubakis IE, Malliaraki N, Dimoulios PD, Karmiris K,
Castanas E, Kouroumalis EA. Decreased total and corrected
antioxidant capacity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Dig Dis Sci 2004;49:1433-7.
Chen HY, Yen GC. Antioxidant activity and free radical-scavenging
capacity of extracts from guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves. Food
Chem 2007;101:686-94.
Pietta PG. Flavonoids as antioxidants. J Nat Prod 2000;63:1035-42.
