In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of silver nanoparticle synthesized Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh.: A green synthetic approach

Abstract

Background: The Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh., commonly known as gray mangrove, has been used as traditional medicine for decades with multifunctional biological activity. Aim: In the present study, the pharmacological significance was comparatively studied by crude extract and synthesized silver nanoparticles from A. marina. Materials and Methods: The identification of bioactive compounds was identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using ultraviolet (UV)-spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared analysis (FTIR). The in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant assays were followed by the standard methods. Results: In GC-MS analysis, the A. marina leaves revealed the existence of squalene (41.30), phytol (28.03), dodecanoic acid (18.55), and D-allose (18.33). The AgNPs A. marina was characterized by UV-Vis spectral analysis which shows a maximum absorption peak at 460.00 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of the AgNPs Synthesized A. marina the presence of functional groups such as amides, alkynes (terminal), alkenes, aldehydes, nitriles, alkanes, aliphatic amines, carboxylic acids, and alkyl halides. The SEM analysis of AgNPs clearly showed the clustered and irregular shapes, mostly aggregated and having the size of 25–80 nm. The in vitro anti-inflammatory properties of crude and their synthesized AgNPs showed the inhibition of protein denaturation 68.92% and 72.1% and inhibition of antiproteinase activity 68.9% and 72.9%. The plant extract exhibited significant 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate radical scavenging activity value 62.7–98.5 μg/mL. Conclusion: This study exhibit that the A. marina contains various bioactive compounds and recommended as anti-inflammatory and pharmaceutical importance.